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== Climate Risk Assessment Methods and Tools == '''INFO:''' This section of the wiki presents climate risk assessment methods which are designed to help assess vulnerabilities and risks to natural hazards such as heatwaves, floods, and heavy rainfall. These tools provide critical insights into how climate hazards may impact populations, assets and infrastructure by analysing factors like exposure, susceptibility, and coping capacity. They offer a structured approach to understanding and preparing for climate risks For each method, the following details are provided: * Method Name: The official name of the assessment method. * Publisher: The organization or agency responsible for the tool. * Link to the Tool: A URL to access the tool. * Information: A brief description of the tool, focusing on how it assesses vulnerability to specific climate hazards like heatwaves, heavy rainfall, floods, etc. Include the method or model used (e.g., IPCC guidelines). * Spatial Coverage: Indicate whether the tool assesses vulnerabilities at the building, neighborhood, or community level {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ Climate Risk Assessment Method |- ! Method Name !! Publisher !! Climate Hazard Addressed !! Urban scale !! Description !! Link |- | Assessment of vulnerability to heat waves and heavy rainfall || The Federal Office of Civil Protection and Disaster Assistance (BBK) || Heat waves and heavy rainfall || Community || The methodology for assessing vulnerability to heatwaves and heavy rainfall involves a multi-step process developed during the KIBEX project. The vulnerability assessment approach follows (IPCC) AR4 guidelines in which the Vulnerability (not the risk) is assessed using the equation: f (Vulnerability) = Exposure x Susceptibility x Coping Capacity. * Exposure: Identifying spatial variations in natural hazard impacts, such as urban heat islands for heatwaves and topographical depressions for heavy rainfall. * Susceptibility: Analysing factors like age, health, and socio-economic conditions. * Coping Capacity: Evaluating resources and strategies available to mitigate negative impacts. The method is limited to measure vulnerability of the Population and the Critical Infrastructure. || [https://www.bbk.bund.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Mediathek/Publikationen/PiB/PiB-11-abschaetzung-hitzewellen-starkregen.pdf?%20blob=publicationFile&v=8 Link] |- | Climate Risk Assessment on the Municipal Level (Klimarisikoanalysen auf kommunaler Ebene) || Umweltbundesamt (German Environment Agency) || Generic || Community || The Climate Risk Assessment (KRA) tool for municipalities, following the ISO 14091 standard, evaluates vulnerability to climate hazards such as heatwaves, floods, heavy rainfall, and droughts. The tool is structured around the IPCC guidelines and incorporates key concepts like exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity to assess climate impacts across different sectors (e.g., public health, infrastructure, ecosystems). The method follows a three-phase process: * Preparation (goal setting, data collection, and defining scope), * Execution (screening, data gathering, and impact evaluation), and * Communication (result interpretation and adaptation planning). The method involves: * Screening for potential climate impacts, using a broad evaluation of various risks (e.g., heat, floods, droughts) to identify priority areas for deeper analysis. * Developing impact chains, where cause-and-effect relationships between climate hazards and their impacts on specific systems (e.g., how heat stress affects vulnerable populations) are visualized. * Quantitative and qualitative data gathering, including local expert interviews and climate models, to analyze both current and future vulnerabilities. * Scenario-based assessments to model different climate futures (e.g., optimistic or pessimistic scenarios based on IPCC’s RCP pathways). * This integrated approach helps municipalities to prioritize risks and allocate resources effectively, leading to actionable climate adaptation plans. The method encourages a participatory approach, involving local stakeholders, and provides practical recommendations for municipalities to plan and implement climate adaptation strategies || [https://klimachancen.bayern/file/2d28a3fb-279f-43ed-9d5f-2da1c400e73f.pdf/klimarisikoanalysen-auf-kommunaler-ebene Link] |- | ImmoRisk (GIS-ImmoRisk Naturgefahren) || Bundesamt für Bauwesen und Raumordnung (BBR) || * Storm (hazard and monetary risk in the present and future) * Hail (hazard and monetary risk in the present and future) * Heat (hazard and qualitative risk in the present and future) * Heavy rainfall (hazard and qualitative risk in the present and future) * Earthquake (hazard) * Lightning strike (hazard) * Snow load (hazard) * Forest fire (hazard in the present and future) || Building || The IMMORISK Rating System, developed as part of the German Strategy for Adaptation to Climate Change, is a GIS-based tool designed to help real estate owners, developers, and prospective buyers assess risks from natural hazards—such as heavy rainfall, heatwaves, hail, and earthquakes—on properties. Since 2023, it is mandatory for non-residential buildings aiming for QNG-compatible sustainability certification. Key Features: * Climate and Natural Hazard Assessment: Users input building-specific data (e.g., location, construction year, number of floors, roof type, building materials, and energy system) to evaluate risk levels for a variety of climate hazards. * Quantitative Risk for Hail: The tool calculates annual expected monetary losses from hail damage using a risk model that factors in location, building vulnerability, and building value. * Qualitative Risk for Other Hazards: Climate risks such as heat, wind, and heavy precipitation are assessed qualitatively by plotting hazard probabilities against the building’s resilience. * Natural Hazard Probability: For hazards like earthquakes, floods, and snow loads, the tool provides probability estimates for the given location. * Timeframe Flexibility: The tool allows users to select either current or future weather projections (up to 2100) for risk assessment, based on data from the German Weather Service (DWD) for current conditions and from the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) for future climate projections. || [https://www.gisimmorisknaturgefahren.de/immorisk.html Link] |- | Building Resilience Index (BRI) || International Finance Corporation (IFC), a branch of the World Bank || * Wind (e.g., storms, tornadoes), * Water (e.g., floods, heavy rainfall), * Fire (e.g., wildfires), and * Geo-seismic risks (e.g., earthquakes) || Building || The Building Resilience Index (BRI), developed by the International Finance Corporation (IFC) in 2022, provides a straightforward self-reporting tool that enables property owners and developers to assess and mitigate climate and natural hazards threatening their buildings. Designed to enhance transparency, the BRI offers a common framework for stakeholders such as banks and insurance companies to evaluate property risk and resilience. The system is intended for use alongside the EDGE green buildings certification, another IFC initiative. Key Features: * Resilience Rating System: The BRI evaluates building resilience using a 5-point scale ranging from A+ to R, with higher ratings signifying lower probable maximum loss (PML). This rating system is based on the "Weakest Link Principle," meaning that a building’s overall rating is determined by its lowest score across four key hazard categories: Wind (e.g., storms, tornadoes), Water (e.g., floods, heavy rainfall), Fire (e.g., wildfires), and geo-seismic risks (e.g., earthquakes). * Hazard Categorization: The BRI groups risks into two families: # Physical Integrity Risks: Hazards that threaten the building’s structural integrity, such as storms, floods, fires, and earthquakes. # Operational Continuity Risks: Hazards that affect the building’s operations but not its physical structure, such as heatwaves, cold waves, and droughts. * Resilience Definition: The BRI defines a resilient building as one that can withstand natural hazards specific to its location and ideally continue operations without disruption after a hazard event. * Adaptation Measures: For each hazard in the physical integrity family, the BRI provides a list of recommended mitigation measures, categorized according to the building’s rating (A+ to C). These measures are aimed at enhancing resilience and reducing the risk of structural damage. * Focus on Risk Reduction: The BRI’s primary goal is to help buildings reduce structural risk relative to similar properties rather than compare them to an absolute standard of performance ||[https://www.resilienceindex.org/ Link] |- | Klimasken || CI2, o.p.s. [CZ] || Generic || Community || Klimasken is a tool for assessing cities, municipalities and buildings’ contribution to climate change and adaptation to climate change. The tool consists of several dozens of indicators, which the user fills with the required data and, through simple calculations, is then determined from the main index and its sub-components. The tool: * Monitors the environmental conditions of a city, district, or building, including temperature, heat waves, rainfall, drought, and extreme weather events, using ten indicators. * Assesses the city's vulnerability to climate change through 16 indicators, evaluating its sensitivity and adaptive capacity, focusing on its readiness and the specific characteristics of local systems. * Uses 14 indicators to measure the area's contribution to greenhouse gas emissions, determining the city's responsibility for climate change in both direct and indirect emissions. * Employs 16 indicators to assess the preparedness of city, district, or building owners to implement adaptation and mitigation measures, and their impact on daily life. The evaluation results are summarized with a Climate Label. || [https://www.klimasken.cz/ Link] |- | Methodology of Preliminary Flood Risk Assessment || T.G. Masaryk Water Research Institute [CZ] || Flood || Community || The methodology for preliminary flood risk assessment in the Czech Republic, as outlined in the document, aims to comply with the EU Directive 2007/60/EC by identifying areas with significant flood risks and developing corresponding flood hazard and risk maps. It involves collecting data from various sources, including [https://www.dibavod.cz/ DIBAVOD] (water management data), ČSÚ ([https://csu.gov.cz/home Czech Statistical Office]), [https://geoportal.cuzk.cz/(S(p5s5o0ytsichpi2q2qzdlt30))/Default.aspx?lng=EN&mode=TextMeta&text=dSady_zabaged&side=zabaged&menu=24 ZABAGED] (geographic data), the [https://csu.gov.cz/rso/registr_scitacich_obvodu Register of Census Districts], the [https://cuzk.gov.cz/cz Cadastre of Real Estate], the [https://www.irz.cz/ Integrated Pollution Register] (IRZ), and the [https://www.npu.cz/cs National Heritage Institute] (NPÚ). The assessment evaluates flood risks based on different scenarios and quantifies potential impacts on human health, the environment, cultural heritage, and economic activities. The criteria for defining significant risk areas include the number of affected residents (expressed in people/year) and the value of impacted assets (expressed in CZK/year). The methodology produces detailed maps and management plans, which are reviewed and updated every six years to ensure effective flood risk management. || [https://www.vuv.cz/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Drbal_Metodika_predbezneho_vyhodnoceni_povodnovych_rizik_2018.pdf PDF [CZ]] |- | UNCCD Drought Toolbox || United Nations – Convention to combat Desertification || Drought || World level || The drought Risk Assessment Tool is a global-scale top-down data-driven approach to help users to identify and evaluate drought risk by analyzing vulnerability and exposure to drought hazards. It includes: * Risk Maps: Visual representations of drought risk areas * Indicators: metrics to assess vulnerability and exposure * Methodologies: guidelines for conducting risk assessment * Data Sources: access to relevant datasets for accurate analysis || [ https://maps.unccd.int/drought/] |- | Natural fire risk indicator methodology || CzechGlobe || Fire || Country || The methodology pfocuses on improving the system for monitoring and forecasting wildfire risk. It introduces two fire weather indices, which, when combined, allow for robust risk estimations. The methodology quantifies the relationship between favorable conditions for wildfires and their actual occurrence over different timeframes. It has been integrated into the [https://www.firerisk.cz/ firerisk.cz portal], which serves as a tool for operational fire risk forecasting and daily monitoring. The methodology also considers the impact of climate change on the frequency of wildfires in the Czech Republic. || [https://www.mzp.cz/C1257458002F0DC7/cz/vestnik_mzp_2022/$FILE/SOTPR-Vestnik_zari_2022_priloha1-20220930.pdf PDF [CZ]] |- |} <br>
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